Triangulation

The use of multi-methods or triangulation actually is not new things and can be detect back to Campbell and Fiseke(1959).He argue where when to ensure validation we should use more than one method. Triangulation means studying the same research problem from varied perspectives in terms of data sources, methods, investigators or theories (Denzin, 1978,Ghauri et al,1995)), so that the convergence of results can be obtained to increase their credibility. Through triangulation, improvement can be amde in terms of accuracy of judgement and results in data collection(Ghauri et al,1995). Another form of triangulation occurs when the qualitative case study research gathers information from multiple data sources in the form of interview, observation and document analysis. Van Maanen (1983) terms this as “within-method triangulation” which can also double up as a test for internal reliability and consistency of the responses. As such, this research deploys the “triangulation within triangulation method” by utilising Van Maanen's (1983) approach within the traditional concepts of (Denzin, 1978) and Greene et al. (1989).

Triangulation is a process where we look in to the data from different approach and perspective and find that every data of we have is telling the same thing(Kamarul Faizal,2009)

........................... A combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods, i.e., triangulation, will be used for this study. At the first level, the problem is an unstructured nature and therefore, the qualitative methods will be efficient. Meanwhile for the second level, quantitative methods will be useful as hypotheses will be needed to be tested out. (Rasli, 2005). Then at the third level, both qualitative and quantitative methods can be used normally called either as multi-method or triangulation (Ghauri et al,1995)

Advantages of triangulation:
-it can produce more complete,holistic and contextual potrait of the object under study
-very useful for pilot study in construct hyphoteses or propositions(qualitative) then test hypotheses(quantitatives) ; two steps study

Disadvantages of triangulation:
-it can be difficult to judge either consistent or not
- when get contracdictory results
(Ghauri et al,1995)